Part I. The Opioid Epidemic --
Opioid Epidemic Causing Rise in Hepatitis C Infections and Other Serious Illnesses / Thomas J. Stopka --
Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) Fact Sheet / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
An Ethical Dilemma for Doctors: When Is It OK to Prescribe Opioids? / Travis N. Rieder --
The Opioid Epidemic Is Finally a National Emergency-Eight Years Too Late / Erin Winstanley --
As the Opioid Epidemic Continues, the Holidays Bring Need to Support Those in Grief / Emily B. Campbell --
Keeping Away from Criminalization / Sarah Sweeney --
Stepping Up, Then Stepping Back / Brenda Bond-Fortier --
Needle Exchanges Find New Champions Among Republicans / Victoria Knight -- Part II. Syringe Use and Infection Risks --
Syringe-Exchange Programs Are Part of Effective HIV Prevention / National Institute on Drug Abuse --
Needle Exchanges Can Now Get Federal Funding / Anna Gorman --
Trump Pledges to End HIV Transmission by 2030. Doable, But Daunting / Carmen Heredia Rodriguez --
The Unexpected Public Health Emergency / Jenna Tyler --
An Addiction Researcher Shares 6 Strategies to Address the Opioid Epidemic / Nabila El-Bassel --
Why Are HIV Survival Rates Lower in the Deep South Than the Rest of the U.S.? / Susan Reif and Carolyn McAllaster --
Should You Be Tested for HIV? Why June 27 Is a Good Day to Do / Jodi Sutherland --
Violence Against Women Is Overlooked in Its Role in Opioid Epidemic / Nabila El-Bassel --
Fighting HIV in Miami, One Dirty Needle at a Time / Amy Driscoll --
Addressing Increases in Hepatitis C Infections Linked to the Opioid Epidemic / Don C. Des Jarlais --
Hepatitis C and Injection Drug Use / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services --
A "Safe" Space to Shoot Up: Worth a Try? / Stephanie O'Neill --
Treating the New Hep C Generation on Their Turf / Pauline Bartolone --
Part III. Practices, Programs, and Policies of governments and Nonprofits --
New Rules for Safe and Secure Prescription Drug Disposal Options / U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration --
Safely Using Sharps (Needles and Syringes) at Home, at Work and on Travel / U.S. Food and Drug Administration HRSA Implementation Guidance of Syringe Services Programs / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services --
Implementation Guidance for Syringe Services Programs / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Injection Drug Use / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) FAQs / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
The Safety and Effectiveness of Syringe Services Programs / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
CDC's Role in Safe Injection Practices / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
CDC Program Guidance for Syringe Services Programs / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
Medical Waste / U.S. Environmental Protection Agency --
Opioid Overdose Reversal with Naloxone / National Institute on Drug Abuse --
Syringe Exchange Programs in California : An Overview / California Department of Public Health --
California Legal Code Related to Access to Sterile Needles and Syringes / California Department of Public Health --
Florida Is the Latest Republican-Led State to Adopt Clean Needle Exchanges / Sammy --
; Syringe Exchange in Southern Indiana to Respond to an Increase in HIV Cases / Jeannie D. DiClementi --
HIV, STDs, and Hepatitis / New York State Department of Health --
Utah Syringe Exchange Program / Utah Department of Health --
Arizona Declares Opioid Emergency, but Signals Are Mixed Over Best Response / Will Stone --
Unable to Arrest Opioid Epidemic, Red States Warm to Needle Exchanges / Shefali Luthra --
The Competing Views and a Way Forward / Elissa Velez and Mickey P. McGee --
Harm Reduction Services in San Francisco : Executive Summary / San Francisco Department of Public Health --
Syringe Access and Disposal Programs in San Francisco / San Francisco Department of Public Health --
Syringe Disposal Practices of Intravenous Drug Users in Monterey County / Jaime Teeter Householder and Mickey P. McGee --
How Did Ohio Local Government Leaders Dramatically Reduce Opioid Deaths? / Gerald Young --
How Lowell Is Fighting the Opioid Crisis / Audrey Fraizer --
How One City Went "All In" to Fight the Opioid Epidemic / International City/County Management Association --
The High Cost of Opioid Abuse in Your Community / Marty Harding --
Boston's Heroin Users Will Soon Get a Safer Place to Be High / Martha Bebinger --
In Boston's "Safe Space," Surprising Insights into Drug Highs / Martha Bebinger --
What's Next for "Safe Injection" Sites in Philadelphia? / Elana Gordon --
"Crackhouse" or "Safehouse"? / Nina Feldman --
D. Nonprofits and Associations --
Offering Syringes Along with Prayers, Churches Help IV Drug Users / Taylor Sisk --
San Francisco AIDS Foundation's Syringe Access Services Evaluation Results / Elissa Velez and Mickey P. McGee --
Leading the Fight Against the Opioid Crisis / Geoff Beckwith --
Statement of Policy : Opioid Epidemic / National Association of County and City Health Officials --
Statement of Policy : Syringe Services Programs / National Association of County and City Health Officials --
Some Good News on Opioid Epidemic : Treatment Options Are Expanding / William Greene and Lisa J. Merlo --
Sterile Needles Can Stop the Spread of Disease in Prisons-Here's How / Jack Wallace --
Meth vs. Opioids : America Has Two Drug Epidemics, but Focuses on One / April Dembosky --
Big Data for Big Disease / H. Daniel Xu --
Chittenden County's Hub and Spoke Model for Combatting Opioid Deaths / Paul C. Prevey --
Appendix A. Glossary of Syringe Exchange and Opioid Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms / Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III --
Appendix B. Syringe Exchange Programs (2019) : North American Syringe Exchange Network / Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --
Appendix C. Adopting a Harm Reduction Policy for Substance Abuse, STD and HIV / San Francisco Health Commission Resolution No. 10-00 --
Appendix D. Press Release : Mayor Mark Farrell Announces Innovative Program to Fight Opioid Crisis on San Francisco Streets / City and County of San Francisco, Office of the Mayor --
Appendix E. Executive Summary : Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act of 2010 / Federal Register.
